For a long time, access shaped the structure of investing in Africa.

Access to brokers. Access to financial infrastructure. Access to trustworthy settlement systems. Access to foreign markets. Access to the kind of tools that institutional desks treated as standard, while retail investors had to work around delays, friction, and weak platform design.

That gap is narrowing fast.

Africa’s fintech ecosystem has moved beyond the early phase of digital convenience. It now plays a central role in how people discover, evaluate, and execute investment opportunities. The real shift is not simply that more investors can open accounts from a phone. The deeper shift is that participation has become more structured, more transparent, and more aligned with global market standards.

That matters because serious market participation depends on confidence. Investors need to know what they are trading through, how orders are handled, how funds move, and what protections exist when markets turn volatile. In many African markets, fintech firms and digital brokers are now building exactly that layer of trust. They are doing it with better infrastructure, cleaner product design, and stronger compliance discipline.

This is why Africa has become one of the most closely watched regions in modern finance. The opportunity is not based on hype. It is based on the fact that financial access is improving in ways that directly affect trading behaviour, capital flow, and investor expectations.

The quality of the platform now shapes the quality of the investor experience

Every mature trading market eventually learns the same lesson. Better access means very little if the tools themselves are weak.

That is why platform quality has become such a central issue, both in Africa and worldwide. Investors who trade actively, manage risk carefully, or allocate across multiple asset classes need stable execution, clear pricing, and interfaces that support decision-making instead of slowing it down. This is where reliable trading platforms become key for the evolution of fintech. 

The African fintech wave has increased access, but access alone does not create durable trust. A market grows when users feel that platform standards are improving, along with participation. That includes faster onboarding, stronger verification systems, better charting environments, and more visible fee structures. It also includes the less visible elements that experienced traders care about most, such as execution quality, account security, and operational resilience during market stress.

This global standard now matters more in Africa because many investors enter the market through mobile-first channels. The first platform experience often becomes the investor’s reference point for what digital finance should feel like. If that experience is confusing or unreliable, confidence fades early. If it is efficient and transparent, users stay engaged and become more sophisticated over time.

That has created a healthy form of pressure across the sector. Fintech firms and brokers now have to compete on usability and trust, rather than on basic availability alone. That is a meaningful evolution. It lifts expectations and gradually improves the entire market environment.

Mobile-first finance changed who gets to participate

The mobile story in Africa has been discussed for years, but its effect on digital trading deserves a more serious reading.

Mobile-first design did more than increase convenience. It changed the profile of the market participant. When investing tools become accessible through a familiar device, the financial system starts reaching users who were previously excluded by geography, branch dependency, or desktop-based product assumptions. That shift has brought a new layer of investors into the market, including professionals, small business owners, and digitally fluent younger users who expect financial tools to work with the same speed as the rest of their digital lives.

This is one reason African fintech has developed with a different instinct from some older financial systems. It did not begin by asking how to digitise an old brokerage model. In many cases, it asked how to build financial access for users whose first serious interaction with modern finance would happen through a smartphone.

That design logic has consequences. Mobile platforms in the region often place more attention on onboarding flow, wallet integration, and real-time usability. They are built for environments where attention is fragmented, and network conditions can vary. That has encouraged leaner interfaces and more practical user journeys.

For active traders and experienced investors, that may sound basic. It is not. Good mobile design affects execution behaviour. It reduces avoidable mistakes. It shortens the distance between analysis and action. It also makes it easier for users to monitor positions and react to market conditions without being tied to a desk.

In practical terms, mobile-first trading has turned participation into a habit rather than an event. That distinction matters. Markets deepen when engagement becomes continuous and informed.

Infrastructure is finally doing more of the heavy lifting

Underneath every strong trading environment sits a layer most users rarely think about until it fails.

Payments. Connectivity. Data delivery. Identity verification. Settlement processes. Regulatory reporting.

In earlier phases of digital finance, these layers often created the exact friction that kept retail participation shallow. Funding an account could take too long. Identity checks could feel inconsistent. Market data could arrive poorly packaged or with limited transparency. For many users, the problem was not interest in investing. The problem was that the system made participation harder than it needed to be.

Africa’s fintech evolution is changing that from the ground up.

Improved payment rails have made deposits and withdrawals more practical. Better digital identity processes have made onboarding more reliable. Cloud-based architecture and platform optimisation have allowed more firms to offer stronger uptime and smoother user experiences across devices. The result is not only speed. It is a more credible market structure.

This is especially important in trading, where confidence can disappear quickly when the operational layer feels weak. Investors can tolerate market risk because market risk is part of the game. What they resist is process risk. They do not want uncertainty around whether an order went through, whether funds will settle properly, or whether the platform can hold up when volumes rise.

As infrastructure improves, that operational anxiety begins to fade. It does not disappear completely, because no market is frictionless. Still, the reduction in avoidable friction changes investor behaviour in a meaningful way. It encourages repeat participation and supports longer-term account growth. It also makes the market look more investable to outside observers who watch platform maturity as a signal of regional financial readiness.

Smarter regulation is raising the floor for everyone

Regulation has often been framed as a barrier to innovation. In reality, poor regulation is usually the greater barrier.

Digital trading platforms scale well when users understand the rules, the obligations, and the protections built into the system. That is why smarter regulatory development across parts of Africa has become one of the most important drivers of confidence in the fintech sector. The strongest frameworks do not slow innovation for the sake of caution. They create enough structure for serious innovation to last.

This is where the conversation becomes more interesting for experienced readers. The issue is no longer whether regulation should exist. The real issue is what kind of regulation best supports platform growth without weakening investor protection. Africa’s Fintech sector is evolving, and markets need standards that address onboarding integrity, custody safeguards, dispute handling, disclosure quality, and capital controls, while still allowing digital firms to iterate and expand.

Some African jurisdictions have started moving in that direction with a more practical mindset. Instead of forcing fintech firms into outdated models, regulators are increasingly engaging with the realities of digital finance. That kind of engagement matters because it encourages product development that is both ambitious and accountable.

A stronger regulatory floor also improves competitive quality. It becomes harder for weak operators to win attention through aggressive promises or opaque structures. That gives better firms more room to differentiate on service quality, technology, and trust.

For the investor, this has a simple effect. The environment becomes easier to read. That clarity supports better decisions, and better decisions support deeper market participation.

“Sorry, I didn’t catch that.”

For millions of Africans, this robotic apology from Siri or Alexa isn’t just a minor annoyance.

When a common phrase like “No worry, e go better” gets transcribed as “No war eagle butter,” or the name “Chukwuebuka” becomes “Check wheelchair baker,” the promise of voice technology; the hands-free shortcut that makes life easier in the rest of the world, remains a frustrating mirage on the continent.

This week, Nigerian AI startup Intron released its latest salvo aimed at fixing that gap. With the launch of Sahara v2, the company claims it isn’t just catching up to Silicon Valley, but leapfrogging it, at least when it comes to understanding how Africa actually speaks.

But in a market suddenly crowded with identical solutions from Google to Toronto-based Cohere, the question is no longer just who has the best algorithm, but who will win the race to build the underlying infrastructure for Africa’s eventual billion voice users.

Intron’s new model is a significant technical feat. Trained on over 50,000 hours of audio from 40,000 speakers across 30 countries, Sahara v2 now supports 57 languages, including 24 new additions like Hausa, Swahili, Yoruba, and Zulu.

Unlike global models trained on pristine studio audio, Intron built its dataset in the wild, capturing the chaos of busy Nigerian clinics, Kenyan call centres, and South African courtrooms where background noise and overlapping speech are the norm.

The results, per the company’s benchmarks, are striking. Intron claims Sahara v2 performs 68.6% better than leading models like GPT-4 and Gemini on transcribing African names, organisations, and locations. In noisy environments, it boasts a 36.5% improvement in “hallucination robustness”—tech speak for making things up when it can’t hear clearly.

***

Yet, the most telling feature is the debut of the world’s first bilingual Swahili-English ASR model, developed with Kenyan healthcare provider Penda Health. This model handles “code-switching”—the instinctive habit of bouncing between languages mid-sentence that defines everyday conversation across Africa’s urban centres. Global AI typically chokes on this; Intron is banking on it being its competitive moat.

“We built for the hardest environment first,” Tobi Olatunji, Intron’s CEO and a former physician, said during the launch, referencing the startup’s origin story in overstretched Nigerian hospitals.

But Intron’s timing is precarious. The window for being the only player focused on African linguistics is closing fast. Just weeks before Intron’s announcement, Toronto-based Cohere launched “Tiny Aya,” a suite of multilingual models supporting over 70 languages, specifically designed to run on local devices in regions with spotty infrastructure.

Similarly, Microsoft Research introduced Paza, an initiative that includes a benchmark for low-resource African languages, while Google dropped WAXAL, an open speech dataset covering 21 Sub-Saharan languages.

This flurry of activity validates Intron’s thesis, but it also threatens to commoditise it. If Google and Microsoft are releasing open data and benchmarks, the barrier to entry for other startups lowers, and the pricing power for incumbents erodes.

Intron is trying to stay ahead by going deeper into the “plumbing.” Sahara v2 is being deployed to cut transcription times in Ogun State courts in Nigeria and reduce patient documentation errors at C-Care hospitals in Uganda. For enterprises like ARM Investments, the draw is the ability to accurately transcribe complex financial jargon and Nigerian currency amounts that foreign models mangle.

***

Perhaps most critically for a continent wary of data privacy, Sahara v2 now offers offline deployment via a partnership with Nvidia, allowing sovereign governments and sensitive industries to run the AI behind their own firewalls.

“We’ve seen significant improvement in transcription and summaries,” said Ayo Oluleye, Head of Data at ARM Investments, in a statement. Meanwhile, Audere’s CPO Sarah Morris noted the APIs achieved “99%+ success rates” on Southern African accents during testing.

Voice is widely seen as the next great interface for the internet, particularly in regions where literacy rates vary or typing in local languages is cumbersome. If AI cannot understand the user, the user remains locked out of the digital economy.

Intron is proving it can build a model that outperforms the giants on its home turf. But as the infrastructure for African language AI shifts from “if” to “how,” the real challenge will be whether a startup with a team of under 20 can outrun the data centres of Big Tech and the open-source armies of academia.

It’s a Thursday morning in Nairobi’s CBD, and the matatu stage is unusually quiet. Not because there are fewer bikes—there are plenty—but because the deafening roar of two-stroke engines is absent as the soft hum of electric motors soothes the air.

On one corner, a rider in a yellow helmet unlocks his Roam Air from a swap station. On another, a Bolt passenger climbs onto an Ampersand, barely noticing the absence of vibrations shaking her spine. This is the sound of Kenya’s electric vehicle revolution. And it’s moving faster than anyone predicted.

From a paltry 700 EVs in 2022, Kenya now boasts nearly 25,000 registered electric vehicles, according to the just-launched National Electric Mobility Policy. That’s a 3,000 percent explosion in three years. Most of these are motorcycles, the ubiquitous boda bodas that form the circulatory system of Kenya’s economy.

The government wants credit, and to be fair, it has earned some. Zero VAT on electric bikes and lithium-ion batteries. Reduced import duties. And, as of February 2026, green number plates that make EVs instantly recognisable.

“If you’re an electric bike in a stage, there’s a higher likelihood a customer will go for it,” Brian Njao, General Manager of M-KOPA Mobility, told WT. Visibility, it turns out, matters.

But beneath the feel-good environmental narrative lurks a paradox that keeps policymakers awake. The same revolution saving riders money is quietly blowing a hole in Kenya’s budget.

The maths of more money in your pocket

Here’s the part that matters to the man on the bike: electric works because it pays, not necessarily because it’s better for the environment, though that’s a welcome coincidence.

Njao, who formerly led Uber’s East Africa operations, breaks it down without jargon. A boda boda rider on a petrol bike typically pockets USD 20.00 to USD 40.00 a day before expenses. Switch to electric, and after financing repayments, swap fees, and everything else, the take-home jumps by an extra five dollars daily. Over a month, that’s groceries, school fees, or, in one rider’s case, moving a child to a better school.

M-KOPA has financed over 5,000 e-bikes since 2023 through its pay-as-you-go model, the same approach that put solar panels in millions of homes. Riders pay daily via mobile money. Miss a day, the bike locks. No accumulation of crippling debt.

“If that bike is not active on the road, that customer will not pay us,” Njao said. “We have a symbiotic relationship.”

He also shared that the repayment rates on the e-bike book sit above the market average, which is in line with M-KOPA’s other product lines. “That tells us the credit model we have built translates well into electric mobility,” he said.

Where the charger meets the policy

Bolt, the ride-hailing giant, now has 5,808 EVs on its platform, accounting for nearly a quarter of all electric vehicles in Kenya. More strikingly, 40 percent of Bolt’s two-wheeler fleet is already electric.

Njao described M-KOPA’s partnership with Bolt as straightforward; riders on the platform pay less for their loans, Bolt gets guaranteed supply, and the customer wins twice via lower asset costs and steady trip income.

Yet the infrastructure keeping those wheels turning belongs to the OEMs. Roam, Ampersand, and Spiro. They own the swap stations. They manage the batteries. M-KOPA just finances the bikes.

This division of labour creates a delicate dance. “It’s a chicken and egg scenario,” Njao admitted. “If you bring a thousand bikes without swapping stations, you’re stuck. If you spend on a thousand stations without bikes, your capex is gone.” The balance is precarious, and right now, demand is outpacing both.

The billion-dollar question nobody’s answering

Now for the part the government doesn’t put in press releases.

Kenya funds its roads through a fuel levy, KES 25.00 (19 cents) per litre of petrol. More EVs mean less fuel consumption. Less fuel consumption means collapsing revenue. The numbers suggest the EV transition already caused a KES 2 B (USD 15.4 M) shortfall in 2025. By 2043, that gap balloons to KES 89.5 B (~USD 688 M).

The Ministry of Roads projects fuel tax collections will start declining by 2037, just as the government needs more money for the very roads these EVs use. It’s a structural conundrum. Every electric bike Kenya celebrates inches the country closer to a fiscal cliff.

Transport Caninet Secretary Davis Chirchir acknowledges the problem, vaguely promising “alternatives” like road-use charges or electricity levies. But for now, the policy framework accelerating EV adoption contains no concrete plan for replacing the fuel money evaporating with every swapped battery.

Can Nairobi scale without breaking?

Njao is pragmatic. When asked about replicating Kenya’s model across Africa, he didn’t mention tax breaks or green plates first. He said: “Policy consistency. If governments commit to long-term local assembly incentives that hold for ten years or more, that would be transformative.”

The translation is that investors can survive high taxes, but not governments changing rules every budget cycle.

M-KOPA’s next moves are already mapped towards densifying Nairobi, launching Mombasa properly, then eyeing Uganda, Nigeria, and Ghana. The solar and smartphone business proved that the pay-as-you-go model works across borders. Njao believes mobility will follow.

“If we can have smartphones working in five countries, we can have electric mobility working there too,” he said.

Kenya’s mobility revolution is afoot. Thousands of EVs, USD 108 M in economic activity from ride-hailing platforms, thousands of riders earning more. The green transition is happening on muddy roads and crowded stages.

But revolutions consume their parents. The fuel taxes that maintain Kenya’s roads are evaporating, and no one has admitted what will replace them. The country is racing toward an electric future with a revenue model built for petrol.

For the rest of Africa watching—Nigeria with its oil addiction, Ghana with its gradual pilots, Ethiopia with its radical combustion engine ban—the task is to solve for tomorrow’s problems while celebrating today’s growth.

Njao is aware that riders aren’t thinking about fiscal policy, however. They’re calculating daily earnings, watching their savings climb, and quietly moving children to better schools. That’s the revolution they see.

The other revolution—the one involving USD 688 M in missing road money—will announce itself soon enough. By 2042, when Kenya projects EV sales will match petrol vehicles, the music stops. The question is whether anyone will have built a new chair.

When African pay-TV giant, MultiChoice, relaunched its streaming platform, Showmax, in February 2024, the pitch was bold. Backed by Comcast’s NBCUniversal and powered by the same technology as Peacock, Africa’s homegrown streaming champion would finally take on Netflix on equal footing. The target was USD 1 B in revenue within five years.

Two years later, the plug has been pulled. MultiChoice announced Thursday it will discontinue Showmax following a “comprehensive review” by its board, citing “substantial annual losses” that proved unsustainable. The decision, first reported by Variety, ends an 11-year run that began in 2015 as a modest DStv companion and ended as a money pit that swallowed over ZAR 3 B (~USD 182 M) in investment.

For the 2025 financial year, Showmax recorded a trading loss of ZAR 4.9 B (USD 297 M), an 88% worsening from the previous year. Revenue, which peaked at ZAR 1 B (USD 60 M) in 2024, fell back to ZAR 800 M (USD 48.5), miles from the ZAR 18 B (USD 1 B) target executives had promised investors. Subscriber growth, while hitting 44% year-on-year, never translated into dollars.

“The substantial annual losses experienced by the Showmax business have proved unsustainable,” the company said in a statement, adding that no job cuts would result from the closure.

MultiChoice Group CEO David Mignot offered a blunt diagnosis earlier this year. “Financially speaking, business-wise speaking, the thing is not flying”.

Africa has roughly 600 million smartphones, he noted, but the economics of mobile streaming simply don’t work given data costs. Barely 4-5% of the continent’s electrified, TV-owning households have access to fibre. The streaming future executives had envisioned collided with market reality.

Canal+, which acquired MultiChoice in a USD 2 B deal last September, had telegraphed this outcome. CEO Maxime Saada told investors in January that Showmax was “not a commercial success—it’s quite obvious”. The platform’s losses were “not acceptable,” CFO Amandine Ferré added, as the French media giant pivoted toward cost synergies rather than streaming growth.

The group is targeting EUR 400 M (USD 463 M) in annual savings by 2030, and Showmax had become a prime candidate for cuts. NBCUniversal, which held a 30% stake in the joint venture, will now exit alongside MultiChoice.

The closure leaves African filmmakers and audiences grappling with another narrowed window, echoing moves by global streamers, such as Netflix and Prime Video, to pare down investments on the continent.

One South African director who produced multiple series for Showmax described the loss as devastating. “Showmax was one of the only platforms available to us that was willing to back stories that were bold and authentic… Losing Showmax is a huge blow to the local industry”.

MultiChoice says streaming remains “central to our strategy” and that it will continue investing in premium content. Canal+ is expected to expand its existing partnership with Netflix, which already bundles the streamer into pay-TV offerings across 24 African countries. A “super app” combining the group’s video services is reportedly in development.

But for the African streaming market, Showmax’s demise carries a sobering lesson. What was once positioned as Africa’s last great frontier for streaming growth became one of its most costly experiments.

When one sets down their Ray-Ban Meta glasses on the nightstand, the camera might still be recording. And halfway across the world, a contract worker in Nairobi could be watching.

An investigation by Swedish newspapers Svenska Dagbladet and Göteborgs-Posten has revealed that intimate footage captured by Meta’s AI-powered smart glasses—including people undressing, using the bathroom, having sex, and entering credit card details—is being reviewed by data annotators at Sama, a Kenyan outsourcing firm hired to train the company’s artificial intelligence systems.

The AI feature that enables this data collection cannot be disabled, the investigation claims. Users who activate the glasses’ assistant must agree to have their video and audio processed by Meta’s servers, where it may be forwarded for manual human review; a detail buried in terms of service that one worker said most users never read.

“In some videos, you can see someone going to the toilet, or getting undressed,” one Sama employee told journalists. “I don’t think they know, because if they knew, they wouldn’t be recording”.

Meta sold approximately 7 million pairs of the glasses in 2025, up from 2 million in 2023 and 2024 combined. The company has positioned the device as an “AI-powered assistant” that can translate languages, describe surroundings, and capture hands-free moments. What the marketing does not emphasise is that those moments may end up on a screen in Nairobi, annotated by workers earning wages far below Silicon Valley rates.

Sama, which has previously faced scrutiny over working conditions for content moderators reviewing Facebook posts, requires employees to sign strict non-disclosure agreements. Workers told Swedish media that Meta’s automatic blurring and anonymisation tools often fail in complex lighting, leaving faces and bodies exposed.

“With cameras in your house, you know where they are,” one annotator said. “These are glasses you wear on your face that keep recording when you take them off and set them on your nightstand”.

The revelations have reached European regulators. A group of 17 Members of the European Parliament from four political groups has formally questioned the European Commission about whether Meta’s practices comply with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which requires clear consent and transparency for data collection.

Under GDPR, companies exporting EU user data to countries like Kenya, which has not been granted “adequacy” status by the Commission, must implement additional contractual safeguards.

Sweden’s Civil Minister Erik Slottner has demanded answers, warning that the combination of location data and intimate imagery could create serious safety risks if mishandled.

Meta declined to answer specific questions from Swedish media but directed attention to its privacy policy, which states that “in some cases” human review may occur.

A spokesperson told The Telegraph: “When people share content with Meta AI, like other companies, we sometimes use contractors to review this data to improve people’s experience with the glasses, as stated in our privacy policy. This data is first filtered to protect people’s privacy”.

For the Kenyan workers who see these images daily, the psychological toll is compounded by contractual silence. Sama has previously been sued by a South African former employee, Daniel Motaung, who alleged that reviewing traumatic content for Facebook led to post-traumatic stress disorder. That case, which could establish Meta’s liability for conditions at outsourcing partners, is ongoing in Kenya’s Employment and Labour Relations Court.

“The day I found out my glasses were sending video to Kenya, I stopped wearing them,” one early adopter posted on social media. The post was viewed 2 million times.

Featured Image Credits: Svenska Dagbladet

For nine years, Muhammad Habib built Breadfast without ever writing a public post about the company. Not for marketing. Not for defence. “Not my style,” he said. But this week, the co-founder and COO of one of Egypt’s most valuable startups broke his silence.

In a lengthy Facebook statement posted Sunday, Habib addressed a controversy that has engulfed the e-grocery platform since it announced a USD 50 M pre-Series C funding round in February.

Critics on social media targeted Japanese investor SBI Investment, citing its ties to Vertex Israel, a Tel Aviv-based venture firm, arguing that companies operating in Arab markets should avoid indirect financial links to Israel amid the ongoing war in Gaza.

“We have refused money more than once when it conflicted with our moral boundaries,” Habib wrote, revealing that Breadfast had previously turned down capital from investors directly connected to the Israeli state. Those decisions, he said, were made unanimously by the founders in locked rooms where no one was watching.

The statement offered a rare window into the ethical calculations facing startups in a region where geopolitics and venture capital increasingly collide. Habib argued that international funds operate diversified portfolios across hundreds of countries and sectors, funding hospitals in Brazil, tech companies in India, and infrastructure in Europe.

When they invest in Egypt, he said, it signals confidence in the Egyptian market, not endorsement of a political position.

He also drew a distinction often lost in online boycott campaigns. “A boycott is for a company that has servers directly operating the occupation army, a company providing surveillance technology used against Palestinians, or a company with factories in settlements,” he wrote. “These companies directly contribute to the killings and displacements.”

Breadfast, founded in 2017 by Habib, Mostafa Amin, and Abdallah Nofal, has grown from a subscription bread delivery service into a vertically integrated commerce platform offering groceries, pharmaceuticals, and financial services. Private-label goods now account for roughly 40% of grocery sales, a strategy that has helped the company improve margins in Egypt’s high-inflation environment.

The USD 50 M round, led by Novastar Ventures through its People and Planet Fund III, included backing from Mubadala Investment Company, The Olayan Group, SBI Investment, Asia Africa Investment & Consulting, Y Combinator, IFC, EBRD, and 4DX Ventures. According to disclosures from Swedish investment firm VNV Global, which holds a 7.5% stake, Breadfast’s valuation has risen to approximately USD 403 M.

Habib emphasised that all investors hold minority stakes and that the company remains founder-led and Egyptian-controlled. “If you want Egypt to take its place in the world economy,” he wrote, “we must accept that global capital moves in an interconnected network.”

The controversy arrives at a sensitive moment for Egypt’s startup ecosystem. Over the past two years, currency devaluations, inflation, and reduced global venture appetite have created funding slowdowns and valuation pressure across North Africa [citation. Against that backdrop, Breadfast’s raise, and its reported valuation growth, stands out as a rare bright spot.

Breadfast is not alone in facing scrutiny over its investor lineup. In January, Nigerian defence-technology startup Terra Industries announced an USD 11.75 M seed round led by 8VC, the Silicon Valley firm co-founded by Joe Lonsdale, a co-founder of Palantir Technologies; a data-analytics company whose software is widely used by Western military and intelligence agencies. Alex Moore, a defence partner at 8VC and a Palantir board member, joined Terra’s board shortly after .

The connection drew criticism on social media, with some questioning whether a Nigerian company protecting critical infrastructure, including hydropower plants, mines, and industrial assets valued at approximately USD 11 B, should accept capital from investors with deep ties to U.S. defence and intelligence establishments.

Critics argued that foreign board members gain insight into Nigeria’s security vulnerabilities, infrastructure locations, and surveillance data, creating potential strategic vulnerabilities.

Terra’s co-founder and CEO Nathan Nwachuku has spoken about building “sovereign intelligence” and reducing African dependence on Western powers for security support.

Yet the company’s reliance on capital with ties to foreign intelligence, including an additional USD 22 M extension in February that brought total funding to USD 34 M, with participation from Flutterwave CEO Olugbenga Agboola, has sparked debate about whether financial sovereignty can coexist with foreign investor control

Habib acknowledged that not everyone will agree with his position. “I understand that everyone can look at this subject differently, and I completely respect this,” he wrote. “Each of us has a conscience and makes his decisions based on what he sees is right. My conscience is comfortable: I believe before God that what we are doing is the right thing.”

The company plans to use the funding to expand across Egypt, strengthen supply chain infrastructure, and explore new markets in North and West Africa, ahead of a larger Series C round expected in the first half of 2026. A potential global IPO remains a long-term ambition.

MTN Nigeria has staged a dramatic financial recovery, reporting a full-year profit after tax of NGN 1.11 T (USD 810 B) for 2025, reversing the NGN 400 B (USD 292 M) loss it suffered the previous year.

The telecom giant’s revenue surged 54.9 percent to NGN 5.2 T (USD 3.79 B), fueled by a landmark 50 percent tariff hike approved in January 2025 and a long-awaited swing to foreign exchange gains.

For the first time since 2022, MTN posted a net foreign exchange gain—NGN 90.27 B (USD 66 M) for the full year, a sharp reversal from the NGN 925 B (USD 675 M) loss that had battered its books in 2024.

The naira’s relative stability, appreciating from NGN 1.535 K per dollar in December 2024 to NGN 1.475 K by September 2025, provided breathing room for a company long exposed to currency volatility.

“The 2025 financial year was described as a remarkable period of recovery and resilience for the firm,” CEO Karl Toriola said, noting that the turnaround enabled “accelerated network investment to enhance quality of service.” MTN invested over NGN 1 T in capital expenditure during the year, expanding base stations and fibre infrastructure.

But beneath the headline recovery, the company’s fintech ambitions tell a more complicated story.

On paper, MTN’s fintech division, which houses MoMo Payment Service Bank, appears to be firing on all cylinders. Revenue surged 72.5 percent in the first nine months of 2025 to NGN 131.6 B, roughly NGN 43 B per quarter. If spun off as a standalone entity, analysts noted, the unit would already command unicorn valuation.

Yet the growth in revenue has not translated seamlessly into user engagement. Active MoMo wallets declined 6.1 percent to 2.7 million in the first half of 2025 compared to December 2024, raising questions about the stickiness of the company’s financial services. The decline was even steeper earlier in the year; active wallets fell to just 2.1 million in the first quarter, a 55.6 percent year-on-year drop.

While the company added approximately 562,000 new wallets in the second quarter, suggesting a rebound, the dip exposed the challenge of converting MTN’s massive subscriber base—85.4 million customers and 51.1 million active data users—into habitual fintech users.

The fintech revenue growth itself requires closer examination. Industry analysts note that nearly all of the increase is driven by Xtratime, an airtime lending product where MTN lends subscribers credit to make calls when they run out. While classified as fintech revenue, it functions more as a high-margin convenience loan than a disruptive payment service.

Once airtime lending is stripped out, the rest of the fintech business—the part meant to compete with dominant players like Moniepoint and OPay—brought in just NGN 6.8 B in the first nine months of 2025. For a company reporting NGN 5.2 T in total revenue, that figure is hardly significant.

Notably, MTN’s mobile money business operates with restrictions. Its Payment Service Bank license allows it to accept deposits and move money but not to lend, the profitable core of fintech economics. This limitation puts MoMo at a structural disadvantage against pure consumer fintech competitors.

For the average Nigerian, the investment numbers matter less than the bars on their phone. A year after the 50 percent tariff hike, service quality remains erratic. Operators recorded over 40,000 network disruptions in 2025, including 19,000 fibre cuts and 3,200 equipment thefts.

“Last year, I spent NGN 5 K a month on data. Today, I spend NGN 8 K for the same volume, yet I still have to stand on my balcony to make a clear WhatsApp call,” Tunde Adeoye, a digital entrepreneur in Yaba, told The Guardian recently.

NCC Executive Vice Chairman Aminu Maida has signalled that 2026 will be “the year of consequences,” moving from encouraging investment to enforcing performance.

In January 2025, Alerzo, one of Nigeria’s most prominent B2B e-commerce startups, secured a NGN 5 B (~USD 3.6 M) working capital loan from Moniepoint Microfinance Bank.

The logic was sound. Moniepoint processes over 80% of in-person payments nationwide. Its terminals sit inside thousands of shops that Alerzo supplies. The fintech could see the merchants’ cash flows in real time: revenue, frequency, velocity. If data ever guaranteed a loan, this was it.

Twelve months later, Moniepoint was in court seeking permission to freeze Alerzo’s accounts. The outstanding balance stood at NGN 4.38 B (~USD 3.2 M), with interest still accruing. A Federal High Court in Lagos granted a Mareva injunction restraining every bank from releasing funds linked to the company or its principals. Videos surfaced online showing rows of Alerzo-branded vehicles parked at its Ibadan facility, reportedly being prepared for sale.

The founder, Adewale Opaleye, insists the company remains in operation and that only faulty vehicles are being cleared. “In fact, we still have over 400 vehicles that we are currently running,” he told local media. But when a court orders account freezes and asset disclosures, even routine fleet maintenance begins to look like triage.

Alerzo is not alone. Around the same time, Moniepoint’s microfinance arm quietly went to court seeking an order restraining every bank from dealing with funds held by Retail Supermarkets Limited, owners of the ShopRite franchise in Nigeria, over a NGN 2.4 B (~USD 1.7 M) working capital facility that had gone unpaid, notable tech insider Olumuyiwa Olowogboyega revealed.

That case, which unfolded late last year with far less public attention, targeted one of the country’s most recognisable retail chains with physical stores, steady foot traffic, and years of operating history.

Two borrowers, two different models, one lender now in court for both.

Moniepoint’s position is complicated. The unicorn, which raised over USD 200 M in its Series C round last year from investors including Development Partners International, Google’s Africa Investment Fund, and Visa, has built its lending model around payment data.

It disbursed more than NGN 1 T (~USD 735 M) in loans to small businesses in 2025, targeting provision stores, supermarkets, and building material traders that traditional banks typically ignore. Businesses that accessed credit, the company claims, recorded average growth of 36% after receiving loans.

The logic, analysts point out, is that if Moniepoint process a merchant’s payments, it knows their cash flow. If it knows their cash flow, it can lend against it. Payment data reveals capacity to repay.

But capacity is only half the equation. The other half, as Olowogboyega points out insightfully, is priority: whether, under pressure, a borrower will repay before other obligations.

“Payment data shows what merchants want you to see. It does not show what they route through other banks, what they owe elsewhere, or how a founder’s personal spending habits might drain the business when margins tighten,” he writes. In the ShopRite case, a well-known retail brand with decades of history still found itself unable to meet its obligations to a lender that had visibility into its operations.

Alerzo built its model on high-volume, low-margin distribution, supplying inventory directly to small retailers across Lagos, Oyo, and Ogun states.

The company raised roughly USD 20 M during the funding boom of 2020–2022, expanding aggressively. But B2B commerce in Nigeria is unforgiving. Maintaining hundreds of vehicles, paying drivers, warehousing goods, and absorbing fuel volatility created a cost base that proved difficult to sustain once venture funding slowed and the economy soured.

By 2023, Alerzo had laid off staff. By 2025, it needed bank debt to survive. Now, it faces a legal battle that will determine whether restructuring is possible or whether the company becomes another cautionary tale about the limits of debt in Nigeria’s startup economy.

Meanwhile, Moniepoint, while declining to comment, seems unlikely to soften its recovery stance. Allowing a high-profile default to slide would weaken its credit culture and invite similar behaviour from other borrowers.

The company continues to lend across retail, food services, and trade sectors. But each new loan carries the risk that the data powering the decision might be the ultimate until the moment it isn’t.

Alerzo insists it will release an official statement soon. Retail Supermarkets has not publicly commented on its case. With accounts frozen and assets under scrutiny, the question hanging over both borrowers is whether Moniepoint’s data-driven lending model can survive contact with the messy, unpredictable reality of Nigerian business.

Ray Youssef, the controversial cryptocurrency entrepreneur who built two of Africa’s notable peer-to-peer trading platforms, has stepped down as CEO of NoOnes just over two years after founding it, the company confirmed this week, citing ongoing legal matters that remain undisclosed.

NoOnes, which Youssef launched in 2023 following the collapse of his previous venture, Paxful, announced on Thursday that its founder “does not participate in the management, operations, or decision-making of the platform.” The statement emphasised that “any legal matters involving Ray Youssef are personal and unrelated to NoOnes,” without elaborating on the nature of the proceedings.

Youssef had first announced his exit a week earlier on X, describing it as a difficult decision but offering no explanation. When contacted for comment, he had not responded to requests.

The departure marks the second time in three years that Youssef has left a company he founded under opaque circumstances. Paxful, once one of the world’s largest peer-to-peer bitcoin marketplaces boasting 1.5 million Nigerian users and USD 1.5 B in annual trade volume, shut down abruptly in 2023 amid regulatory scrutiny and a bitter legal battle with co-founder Artur Schaback.

At the time, Youssef blamed “key staff departures” and intensifying U.S. regulatory pressure on the peer-to-peer sector. But court filings later revealed a lawsuit between the co-founders, with allegations including mismanagement and governance failures. U.S. regulators, including FinCEN and the Department of Justice, subsequently fined Paxful for compliance lapses and handling transactions linked to suspicious activity.

The controversies surrounding Youssef extend beyond corporate governance. In 2016, he and a co-founder were arrested on charges of possessing firearms and cocaine, though the long-term disposition of that case remains unclear. Industry observers have also noted past allegations of substance use affecting leadership decisions, claims Youssef has never publicly addressed.

Since leaving Paxful, Youssef positioned NoOnes as a fresh start, a community-driven trading ecosystem targeting Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia, where currency instability and limited banking access fuel demand for crypto alternatives. The platform grew rapidly, reporting over 2 million users and recording more than USD 4 M in daily trading volume shortly before his departure.

But in recent months, Youssef’s X feed has taken a markedly different turn. His posts have shifted toward overtly political and religious themes, including warnings about U.S.-Iran tensions, anti-Israel rhetoric, and references to divine protection, leading to questions about whether his focus had drifted from the company’s operations.

NoOnes has not named a successor or detailed its strategic direction post-Youssef. In a brief statement, the company said it remains “focused on delivering innovative crypto trading products while maintaining a secure, reliable, and user-centric environment.”

For the millions of African users who relied on Youssef’s platforms to move money across borders, the exit carries an uncomfortable echo. Paxful’s collapse left many scrambling for alternatives. Whether NoOnes can sustain its trajectory without its founder, and what legal clouds may yet surface, remains uncertain.

On a recent Sunday night at Amuludun Kitchen in Ipaja, a Lagos suburb, the plastic tables filled early. Olorunrinu, who owns the spot, watched her staff move between packed benches, delivering plates of pepper soup and cold bottles of water.

She had spent years building this spot into one of the neighbourhood’s busiest nightlife venues, but what she noticed now had less to do with food and more with how people paid.

“It’s rare to see cash,” she said. “We prefer transfer, or you can make payments with your card. The cash kind of exposes the staff to theft and all that.”

Her experience is increasingly the norm across Nigeria’s sprawling community nightlife sector. A new data-driven study by Moniepoint Inc., drawn from transaction records of more than 27,000 clubs, bars, and lounges on its payment network, reveals a sharp reversal of the wider informal economy’s cash dependency. While about half of all payments in Nigeria’s informal sector are still made in cash, the nightlife economy has gone digital.

In 2025, Moniepoint processed over NGN 900 B (~USD 665 M) for clubs, bars, and lounges, revealing the scale of the economic life that begins after sunset.

According to its latest study, bank transfers now dominate payments during peak nighttime hours, outpacing card transactions by nearly two million across Moniepoint’s network. Cash is actively discouraged, driven largely by operators’ security concerns. After dark, when crowds gather and attention scatters, carrying currency becomes a liability.

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The data also reveals a precise rhythm to spending. Transaction volumes climb sharply from 8 p.m., peak before midnight, and then decline steadily even as venues remain full. For operators, the economic night ends earlier than the social one. The most critical window for staffing, restocking, and cash flow management falls between midnight and 6 a.m., when purchasing has already slowed but operational demands continue.

At De Synergi Lounge in Akonwonjo, manager Richard sees this pattern play out weekly. On usual nights, the existing team handles the flow. But during December, when crowds swell, “we get like two or three extra people to serve.” Across Nigeria, conservative estimates suggest at least 54,000 people work in nightlife-related roles every night, with local bars expanding their workforce by 30 to 50 percent on peak nights.

The sector’s geography defies easy assumptions. Lagos leads with 4,856 nightlife establishments on the network, followed by the Federal Capital Territory, Rivers, Delta, and Edo. But Katsina records the highest payment value for nighttime food trucks, pulling in over NGN 130 M (~USD 96 K) in the past year, while Kwara leads in transaction count. Nigeria’s night economy, the study shows, is distributed rather than concentrated in elite urban enclaves.

Tosin Eniolorunda, co-founder and group CEO of Moniepoint, said the findings should reshape how the sector is viewed. “Nigeria’s local bars and nighttime operators are not peripheral to the economy; they are a critical part of its architecture,” he said. “We see a substantial and sustained economic sector that employs hundreds of thousands of Nigerians every night and deserves the same attention we give to agriculture, healthcare, and retail”.

For operators like Olorunrinu, the shift to digital payments has also brought unexpected clarity. Real-time settlements mean she can track revenue as it happens, and Moniepoint’s POS terminals, each assigned a dedicated bank account number, provide instant audio confirmation when payments land, as there are no screenshots to verify, no alerts to wait for.

“That small ping changes everything,” the report highlights. The night can continue.